Ruswa ni kwangiza cyangwa kwangirika kwibikoresho cyangwa imitungo yabyo biterwa nigikorwa cyibidukikije.Ruswa nyinshi ibaho mubidukikije byikirere, birimo ibintu byangirika nibintu byangirika nka ogisijeni, ubushuhe, ihinduka ryubushyuhe nibihumanya.
Kwangiza umunyu ni uburyo busanzwe kandi bwangiza cyane bwo kwangirika kwikirere.Kwangirika kwumunyu hejuru yibikoresho byibyuma biterwa na ion ya chloride ikubiye mubutaka bwicyuma cyinjira mubice bya okiside hamwe nuburinzi ndetse nicyuma cyimbere mumashanyarazi.Muri icyo gihe, ion ya chloride irimo ingufu zingana n’amazi meza, byoroshye kwamamazwa mu cyuma cyo hejuru cy’icyuma no mu cyuho ndetse no gusimbuza ogisijeni mu gice cya oxyde, bityo bigahindura okiside idashonga ihinduka chloride ikabura na pasiporo. Ubuso bwa Leta mu buso bukora.
UmunyuKurinda ruswaikizamini nikizamini cyibidukikije gikoresha cyane cyane ibishushanyo mbonera byumunyu byatewe n’ibidukikije byakozwe n’ibikoresho byo gupima umunyu kugirango hamenyekane ruswa y’ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho byuma.Igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri bwibizamini: ikizamini cyibidukikije gisanzwe, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwihuse bwikigereranyo cyumunyu utera ibidukikije.
Mu igeragezwa ryibihimbano byumunyu wibihimbano, icyumba cyipimisha umunyu hamwe nubunini bwikibanza kirakoreshwa, kandi ibidukikije byo gutera umunyu biterwa no gukoresha uburyo bwubukorikori mubunini bwacyo, kugirango hamenyekane imikorere nubwiza bwangirika bwumunyu. Kurwanya ibicuruzwa.
Ubwinshi bwumunyu wa chloride mubidukikije bitera umunyu birashobora kuba inshuro nyinshi cyangwa inshuro nyinshi ibyunyunyu byumunyu mubidukikije bisanzwe, bityo bikongerera cyane umuvuduko wa ruswa kandi bikagabanya cyane igihe cyo kubona ibisubizo.Kurugero, birashobora gufata umwaka umwe kugirango ugorore mugihe ugerageza ibicuruzwa mubidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, mugihe ushobora kubona ibisubizo bisa nyuma yamasaha 24 mugihe cyo kwigana umunyu.
Laboratoire yigana umunyu spray irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine.
(1) Ikizamini kidafite aho kibogamiye (test ya NSS) nuburyo bwambere kandi bukoreshwa cyane muburyo bwihuse bwo gupima ruswa.Ikoresha 5% ya sodium chloride yumunyu wamazi yumunyu, hamwe nigiciro cya pH cyahinduwe kurwego rutabogamye (6.5 ~ 7.2) nkigisubizo cya spray.Ubushyuhe bwo kwipimisha ni 35 ℃, kandi igipimo gisabwa cyo guta umunyu ni 1 ~ 2ml / 80cm / h.
.Ari muri 5% ya sodium ya chloride ya sodium hamwe na acide glacial acetique glacial, kugirango igisubizo PH agaciro kagabanuke kugera kuri 3, igisubizo gihinduka acide, hanyuma spray yumunyu ikozwe amaherezo iba acide iturutse kumiti itabogamye.Igipimo cyayo cyangirika cyikubye inshuro 3 kurenza ikizamini cya NSS.
.Ubushyuhe bwikizamini ni 50 ℃.Umubare muto wumunyu wumuringa-umuringa chloride wongewe kumuti wumunyu kugirango utere ruswa.Igipimo cyacyo cyangirika nikubye inshuro 8 icyizamini cya NSS.
.Ikoreshwa cyane kubicuruzwa byo mu bwoko bwa cavity.Binyuze mu gucengera kw’ibidukikije by’amazi, kwangirika kwumunyu ntikuboneka hejuru gusa ahubwo no mubicuruzwa.Ibicuruzwa bisimburana hagati yumuti wumunyu nubushuhe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, hanyuma ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nubukanishi byibicuruzwa bigomba gusuzumwa kugirango bihinduke.
Kwiyemeza ibisubizo
Ibisubizo byikizamini cyumunyu utera umunyu mubisanzwe bitangwa muburyo bufite ireme aho kuba umubare.Hariho uburyo bune bwihariye bwo kwiyemeza.
(1) Uburyo bwo kugena amanota.
Muri ubu buryo, gabanya igipimo cyakarere kangirika hamwe nubuso bwose mubice byinshi, hanyuma ugaragaze urwego runaka nkibanze byujuje ibisabwa.Ubu buryo burakwiriye gusuzumwa byintangarugero.
(2) Gupima uburyo bwo kugena.
Binyuze mu gupima uburemere bw'icyitegererezo mbere na nyuma yikizamini cya ruswa, ubara ibiro byatakaye kubera ruswa, hanyuma ucire urubanzagutera kurinda ruswaubwiza bw'icyitegererezo.Ubu buryo burakwiriye cyane cyane mugusuzuma ubuziranenge bwibyuma byangirika.
(3) Uburyo bwo gusesengura imibare yamakuru.
Ubu buryo butanga urwego rwicyizere cyo gutegura ibizamini bya ruswa, gusesengura amakuru yangirika, no kumenya amakuru yangirika, akoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusesengura no kubara imibare ya ruswa, aho kugirango hamenyekane neza ibicuruzwa.
Ikizamini cyumunyu wicyuma
Kuva yahimbwa mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu cyatoneshejwe cyane n’abakoresha ibikoresho birwanya ruswa kubera ibyiza byacyo birimo kugabanya igihe nigiciro, gushobora kugerageza ibikoresho bitandukanye, no gutanga ibisubizo byoroshye kandi bisobanutse.
Mubimenyerezo, ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu cyuma kitagira umwanda nicyo kizwi cyane, kandi abimenyereza bagomba kuba bamenyereye amasaha yo gupima umunyu ashobora kumara iki kintu.
Abacuruza ibikoresho bazongerera igihe cyo gutera umunyu igihe cyo kugerageza ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nuburyo nka passivation cyangwa kongera igipimo cya polish hejuru.Nyamara, ikintu gikomeye kigena ni ibice bigize ibyuma ubwabyo, ni ukuvuga ibikubiye muri chromium, molybdenum na nikel.
Iyo hejuru yibintu byombi bya chromium na molybdenum, niko birwanya ruswa ishobora gukenerwa mu gutobora no kwangirika gutangira gutangira kugaragara.Uku kurwanya ruswa kugaragazwa nicyo bita piting resistance ihwanye (PRE) agaciro: PRE =% Cr + 3.3 x% Mo.
Nubwo nikel itongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ibyuma no kwangirika, birashobora kugira akamaro mukugabanya umuvuduko wa ruswa iyo gahunda yo kubora itangiye.Kubwibyo, ibyuma bya austenitike bidafite nikel bikunda gukora neza cyane mugupimisha umunyu hamwe ningese cyane ugereranije na nikel ferritic nkeya idafite ibyuma bisa nkibingana.
Twabibutsa ko umunyuKurinda ruswaikizamini gifite inenge zikomeye mugihe cyo kugerageza imikorere yicyuma.Chloride yibigize umunyu mugupimisha umunyu ni mwinshi cyane kandi urenze kure ibidukikije, bityo ibyuma bitagira umwanda bishobora kurwanya ruswa mubikorwa bifatika bifite chloride nkeya nabyo bizangirika mugupimisha umunyu.
Ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu gihindura imyitwarire yo kwangirika kwicyuma, gishobora gufatwa nkikizamini cyihuse cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwikigereranyo.Ibisubizo ni uruhande rumwe kandi ntibifitanye isano ihwanye nimikorere nyayo yicyuma kitagira ingese amaherezo ikoreshwa.
Urashobora rero gukoresha ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu kugirango ugereranye kwangirika kwubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma, ariko iki kizamini kirashobora gusa kugereranya ibikoresho.Iyo uhisemo ibikoresho byuma bidafite umwanda, ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu cyonyine mubisanzwe ntabwo gitanga amakuru ahagije kuko ihuriro riri hagati yimiterere yikizamini hamwe n’ibidukikije nyirizina bizwi gake.
Byongeye kandi, ibyiciro bitandukanye byibyuma ntibishobora kugereranwa nundi, kubera ko ibikoresho byombi bikoreshwa mugupimisha bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kwangirika, bityo ibisubizo byikizamini hamwe nakamaro ko gukoresha ibidukikije byanyuma ntabwo ari bimwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-08-2022