1. Gutesha agaciro
Kwangirika ni ugukuraho amavuta hejuru yakazi hanyuma ugahindura amavuta mubintu byangirika cyangwa emulisile kandi ukwirakwiza amavuta kugirango aringanize kandi ahamye mumazi yo kwiyuhagira ashingiye kuri saponification, solubilisation, weting, dispersion na emulisation ingaruka zubwoko butandukanye bwamavuta kugirango yangirike. abakozi.Ibipimo byo gusuzuma ubuziranenge ni: ubuso bwakazi ntigomba kugira amavuta agaragara, emulsiya cyangwa undi mwanda nyuma yo kwangirika, kandi ubuso bugomba guhanagurwa namazi nyuma yo gukaraba.Ubwiza bugenda bugabanuka ahanini biterwa nibintu bitanu, harimo alkaline yubusa, ubushyuhe bwumuti ugabanuka, igihe cyo gutunganya, ibikorwa byubukanishi, hamwe namavuta yibisubizo byangiza.
1.1 Ubunyobwa bwubusa (FAL)
Gusa kwibanda kubikwiye byo gutesha agaciro bishobora kugera ku ngaruka nziza.Alkaline yubusa (FAL) yumuti utesha agaciro igomba gutahurwa.FAL nkeya izagabanya ingaruka zo gukuraho amavuta, kandi FAL nyinshi izongera ikiguzi cyibintu, yongere umutwaro wo gukaraba nyuma yo kuvurwa, ndetse yanduze ubuso bukora na fosifati.
1.2 Ubushyuhe bwo gutesha agaciro igisubizo
Ubwoko bwose bwo gutesha agaciro bugomba gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bukwiye.Niba ubushyuhe buri munsi yuburyo bukenewe, igisubizo cyo kugabanuka ntigishobora gutanga umukino wuzuye kugirango ugabanuke;niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, gukoresha ingufu biziyongera, kandi ingaruka mbi zizagaragara, bityo agent igabanuka vuba vuba kandi byihuta byumye byihuta, bizatera byoroshye ingese, ibibara bya alkali na okiside, bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya fosifati yibikorwa bizakurikiraho .Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwikora nabyo bigomba guhora bihindagurika.
1.3 Igihe cyo gutunganya
Igisubizo cyo gutesha agaciro kigomba kuba gihuye namavuta kumurimo wakazi kugirango uhuze nigihe gihagije, kugirango bigerweho neza.Ariko, niba gutesha igihe ari birebire cyane, ubunebwe bwibikorwa byakazi biziyongera.
1.4 Igikorwa cya mashini
Gukwirakwiza pompe cyangwa ibikorwa byakazi mubikorwa byo kwangirika, byongewemo nubukanishi, birashobora gushimangira uburyo bwo kuvanaho amavuta no kugabanya igihe cyo kwibiza no gukora isuku;umuvuduko wo kugabanuka kwa spray wikubye inshuro zirenga 10 kurenza iyo kugabanuka.
1.5 Ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo kugabanya igisubizo
Gukoresha uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha amazi yo kwiyuhagira bizakomeza kongera amavuta mumazi yo kwiyuhagira, kandi mugihe ibirimo amavuta bigeze ku kigero runaka, ingaruka zo kwangirika no gukora isuku yumukozi wangiza bizagabanuka cyane.Isuku yubuso bwakorewe hejuru ntibishobora kunozwa kabone niyo ubwinshi bwibisubizo byikigega bikomeza hongerwamo imiti.Amazi yangirika yashaje kandi yangiritse agomba gusimburwa kuri tank yose.
2. Kuramo aside
Ingese ibaho hejuru yicyuma gikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa iyo bizungurutse cyangwa bibitswe kandi bitwarwa.Ingese ifite ingese kandi ntishobora gufatanwa neza nibikoresho fatizo.Okiside hamwe nicyuma gishobora gukora selile yibanze, ikomeza guteza imbere kwangirika kwicyuma kandi igatera igicucu cyangirika vuba.Kubwibyo, ingese igomba gusukurwa mbere yo gushushanya.Ingese ikurwaho no gufata aside.Hamwe n'umuvuduko wihuse wo gukuraho ingese nigiciro gito, gufata aside ntabwo bizahindura icyuma cyakazi kandi birashobora gukuraho ingese muri buri mfuruka.Gutoragura bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugira ngo hatabaho okiside igaragara, ingese no kurenza urugero ku gihangano cyatoranijwe.Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gukuraho ingese ni nkibi bikurikira.
2.1 Acide yubusa (FA)
Gupima acide yubusa (FA) yikigega cyo gutoragura nuburyo bwiza bwo gusuzuma no kugenzura neza ingaruka zo gukuraho ingese yikigega.Niba acide yubusa ari mike, ingaruka zo gukuraho ingese ni mbi.Iyo acide yubusa iba myinshi, ibicu bya acide mubidukikije bikora ni binini, bidafasha kurengera umurimo;ubuso bw'icyuma bukunda “kurenza urugero”;kandi biragoye guhanagura aside isigaye, bikaviramo kwanduza igisubizo cya tank nyuma.
2.2 Ubushyuhe nigihe
Gutoragura byinshi bikorwa mubushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi gutoragura bishyushye bigomba gukorwa kuva 40 ℃ kugeza 70 ℃.Nubwo ubushyuhe bugira uruhare runini mukuzamura ubushobozi bwo gutoragura, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane buzongera kwangirika kwakazi n ibikoresho kandi bigira ingaruka mbi kubikorwa.Igihe cyo gutoragura kigomba kuba kigufi gishoboka mugihe ingese yakuweho.
2.3 Umwanda no gusaza
Muburyo bwo gukuraho ingese, umuti wa aside uzakomeza kuzana amavuta cyangwa andi mwanda, kandi umwanda wahagaritswe urashobora gukurwaho no gusiba.Iyo ion zishonga zirenze ibintu runaka, ingaruka zo gukuraho ingese zumuti wikigega zizagabanuka cyane, kandi ion zirenze urugero zizavangwa mukigega cya fosifate hamwe nibisigara byakazi, byihutisha umwanda no gusaza byumuti wa fosifate, kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere ya fosifati yibikorwa.
3. Ubuso bukora
Ibikoresho bikora neza birashobora gukuraho uburinganire bwibikorwa byakazi bitewe no kuvanaho amavuta ukoresheje alkali cyangwa kuvanaho ingese ukoresheje umutobe, ku buryo umubare munini wibigo byiza bya kristaline byakozwe hejuru yicyuma, bityo byihutisha umuvuduko wa fosifate kandi bigateza imbere gushingwa ya fosifate.
3.1 Ubwiza bw'amazi
Ingese zikomeye zamazi cyangwa ubukana bwa calcium na magnesium ion mugisubizo cyikigega bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yubutaka bukora.Korohereza amazi birashobora kongerwamo mugihe utegura igisubizo cyikigega kugirango ukureho ingaruka zubwiza bwamazi kubutaka bukora igisubizo.
3.2 Koresha igihe
Ububiko bukora mubusanzwe bukozwe mumyunyu ngugu ya titanium ifite ibikorwa bya colloidal.Igikorwa cya colloidal kizatakara nyuma yumukozi ukoreshwa mugihe kirekire cyangwa ion zanduye ziyongereye, bikaviramo kwibira no gutondeka amazi yo koga.Amazi yo kwiyuhagira rero agomba gusimburwa.
4. Fosifati
Fosifatiya ni uburyo bwa chimique na electrochemic reaction yo gukora fosifate yimiti ihinduranya, izwi kandi nka fosifate.Ubushyuhe buke bwa zinc fosifatique ikunze gukoreshwa mugushushanya bisi.Intego nyamukuru za fosifati ni ugutanga uburinzi ku cyuma fatizo, kurinda icyuma kwangirika ku rugero runaka, no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukumira no kwangirika kwangirika kwa firime.Fosifatiya nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa byose byo kwitegura, kandi ifite uburyo bukomeye bwo kubyitwaramo nibintu byinshi, kubwibyo rero biragoye kugenzura uburyo bwo gukora umusaruro wamazi ya fosifate kurusha andi mazi yo kwiyuhagira.
4.1 Ikigereranyo cya aside (igipimo cya acide yose hamwe na acide yubusa)
Kwiyongera kwa aside irashobora kwihutisha igipimo cya fosifati no gukora fosifatigutwikirainanutse.Ariko igipimo kinini cya acide kizatuma igipfundikizo cyoroshye cyane, kizatera ivu kumurimo wa fosifati;igipimo gito cya acide kizatinda umuvuduko wa fosifatiya, kugabanya kurwanya ruswa, no gutuma fosifatique ya kirisiti ihinduka nabi kandi yoroheje, bityo biganisha ku ngese yumuhondo kumurimo wa fosifati.
4.2 Ubushyuhe
Niba ubushyuhe bwamazi yo kwiyuhagira bwiyongereye uko bikwiye, umuvuduko wo gutwikira wihuta.Ariko ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane buzagira ingaruka kumihindagurikire ya aside hamwe no gutuza kwamazi yo kwiyuhagira, kandi byongere umubare wibisohoka mumazi yo kwiyuhagira.
4.3 Ingano yimyanda
Hamwe na reaction ya fosifike ikomeje, ubwinshi bwimyanda mumazi yo kwiyuhagira bizagenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi imyanda irenze urugero izagira ingaruka kumikorere yimiterere yimikorere, bikavamo gufunga fosifate.Amazi yo kwiyuhagira rero agomba gusukwa ukurikije ingano yimirimo yatunganijwe no gukoresha igihe.
4.4 Nitrite NO-2 (kwibanda kubintu byihuta)
NO-2 irashobora kwihutisha umuvuduko wa fosifate, kunoza ubucucike no kurwanya ruswa ya fosifate.Ibirenze cyane NO-2 bizatuma igipfundikizo cyoroshye kubyara ibibara byera, kandi ibirimo bike cyane bizagabanya umuvuduko wo gushiraho kandi bitange ingese yumuhondo kuri fosifate.
4.5 Sulfate radical SO2-4
Kwibanda cyane kumuti wibisubizo cyangwa kugenzura nabi gukaraba birashobora kongera byoroshye sulfate radical mumazi yo kwiyuhagira ya fosifate, kandi ion ya sulfate nyinshi cyane bizagabanya umuvuduko wa reaction ya fosifate, bikavamo fosifate yuzuye kandi yoroheje, kandi bikagabanya kurwanya ruswa.
4.6 Iion Ferrous ion Fe2 +
Ibirungo byinshi cyane bya ferrous mubisubizo bya fosifate bizagabanya kurwanya ruswa ya fosifate yubushyuhe bwicyumba, gukora fosifate itwikiriye kristaliste yubushyuhe buke, kongera imyanda yumuti wa fosifate mubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma igisubizo kiba icyondo, kandi byongera aside irike.
5. Gukuraho
Intego yo gukuraho ni ugukingira imyenge ya fosifate, kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya ruswa, cyane cyane kunoza muri rusange no kurwanya ruswa.Kugeza ubu, hari inzira ebyiri zo gukuraho, ni ukuvuga chromium na chromium-yubusa.Nyamara, umunyu wa alkaline unorganic ukoreshwa mugukuraho kandi umunyu mwinshi urimo fosifate, karubone, nitrite na fosifate, bishobora kwangiza cyane gufatira igihe kirekire no kurwanya ruswa.impuzu.
6. Gukaraba amazi
Intego yo koza amazi ni ugukuraho amazi asigaye hejuru yakazi ku mazi yabanje kwiyuhagira, kandi ubwiza bwo koza amazi bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ubwiza bwa fosifati y’ibikorwa ndetse n’amazi meza yo koga.Ibice bikurikira bigomba kugenzurwa mugihe cyo gukaraba amazi yo koga.
6.1 Ibiri mu bisigazwa bya silige ntibigomba kuba hejuru cyane.Ibintu byinshi cyane bikunda gutera ivu hejuru yakazi.
6.2 Ubuso bwamazi yo koga agomba kuba adafite umwanda wahagaritswe.Gukaraba amazi yuzuye bikoreshwa kenshi kugirango hatabaho amavuta yahagaritswe cyangwa andi mwanda hejuru yubwogero.
6.3 Agaciro pH kumazi yo kwiyuhagira agomba kuba hafi yo kutabogama.Igiciro kinini cyane cyangwa gito cyane pH bizatera byoroshye guhuza amazi yo kwiyuhagira, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumitekerereze yamazi yo kwiyuhagira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-23-2022